SOCS 325 Discussion Environmental Justice
SOCS 325 Discussion Environmental Justice
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Introduction and Resources
Define what Environmental Sociology means to you, and
describe what an Environmental Sociologist studies.
DQ2 ENVIRONMENTAL RACISM AND JUSTICE
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Introduction and Resources
Compare and contrast, providing examples of each, the
constructs of environmental racism and environmental justice.
Environmental justice is the fair treatment and meaningful involvement of all people regardless of race, color, national origin, or income, with respect to the development, implementation, and enforcement of environmental laws, regulations, and policies. This goal will be achieved when everyone enjoys the same degree of protection from environmental and health hazards, and equal access to the decision-making process to have a healthy environment in which to live, learn, and work.
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SOCS 325 Discussion Environmental Justice
Political theorists have typically defined environmental justice as the equitable distribution of environmental risks and benefits.[4] Other theorists have attempted to go beyond this definition to identify the processes that bring about inequitable distribution of goods. These extended definitions identify fair and meaningful participation in decision-making; recognition of oppression and difference in affected communities; and the peoples’ capacity to convert social goods into a flourishing community as further criteria for a just society.[1][4]
History and scope
The beginnings of environmental justice as a concept are commonly attributed to the 1982 North Carolina PCB protests in Warren County, NC.[5][6] The dumping of PCB contaminated soil in the predominately black community of Afton sparked massive protests, and over 500 people were arrested. This led to studies correlating placement of hazardous waste facilities in Black neighborhoods,[7] and widespread objections and lawsuits to hazardous waste disposal in poor, generally Black, communities in the US.[6][8] The mainstream environmental movement was increasingly criticized for its predominately white affluent leadership and constituency, emphasis on conservation, and failure to address these social equity concerns.[9][10]
As grassroots movements and environmental organizations promoted legislation that increased the costs of hazardous waste disposal in the US and other industrialized countries, exportation of hazardous wastes became profitable. Disposal of toxic waste in the Global South escalated through the 1980s and 1990s.[11] Globally, disposal of toxic waste, land appropriation, and resource extraction leads to the violation of human rights and forms the basis of the global environmental justice movement.[11]
International formalization of environmental justice began with the First National People of Color Environmental Leadership Summit in 1991. This even was held in Washington, DC and was attended by over 650 delegates from every US state, Mexico, Chile, and other countries.[12] Delegates adopted 17 principles of environmental justice which were circulated at the 1992 Earth Summit in Rio. Principle 10 of the Rio Declaration on Environment and Development states that individuals shall have access to information regarding environmental matters, participation in decisions, and access to justice.[13]’
Prior to the Leadership Summit in 1991, the scope of the environmental justice movement dealt primarily with anti-toxics and harms to certain marginalized racial groups within rich countries; during the summit, it was expanded to include public health, worker safety, land use, transportation, and many other issues.[12][14] The movement was later expanded to more completely consider gender, international injustices, and inequalities within disadvantaged groups.[14] Environmental justice has become a very broad global movement, and it has contributed several concepts to political ecology that have been adopted or formalized in academic literature. These concepts include ecological debt, environmental racism, climate justice, food sovereignty, corporate accountability, ecocide, sacrifice zones, and others.
SOCS 325 Discussion Environmental Justice Essay
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