Juvenile Delinquency & Justice

Juvenile Delinquency & Justice

Week 1 Discussion Attachment

“The Changing Status of Children and Self-Report”

Using what you’ve learned this week, respond to the following prompts in your post:

· According to the text, delinquency is an inherently difficult concept to measure. Discuss two (2) of the main challenges with measuring self-reports from delinquents. Next, describe the methods you would utilize to overcome these challenges.

· African-American juveniles account for a disproportionate amount of all juvenile arrests for serious crimes. However, white juveniles are arrested more often than African-American youths. Furthermore, self-reports indicate that African-American and white juveniles commit similar amounts of delinquency and lower-class youths are more likely to commit serious offenses. Based on these statements, explain what these facts would mean to you if you were working as a Juvenile Justice professional. Next, recommended two (2) programs you would provide to your presiding Judge whom you work for. Provide support for your recommendation.Bottom of Form

Students: Attached is a terminology page for the class, please download and keep it on hand when answering discussion and writing assignments. Please remember that CRJ180 has specific terminology and you should use this language and terms when answering discussion questions.

For example, juvenile criminals are not in fact criminals but DELINQUENTS. We do not put delinquents on trial – we have ADJUDICTION HEARINGS. Juveniles do not commit crimes – they commit DELINQUENT ACTS. Utilizing this language throughout your work in class gets you points, not using these terms and language means points will be deducted. This language is especially important when submitting assignments. See the attachment below:

Juvenile Justice Terms

Adjudicated: The court finds a youth guilty of committing a delinquent act. The court can commit the youth or place the youth on community supervision.

Adjudication Withheld: The court finds that a youth committed a delinquent act, but withholds an adjudication of delinquency. The court places the youth on community supervision.

Adjudicatory Hearing: The court determines if the facts support the allegation(s) made against a youth. The court must find that a youth is guilty beyond a reasonable doubt.

Aftercare (Conditional Release or Post-Commitment Probation): A state-operated or contracted program that monitors a youth who has been released from a commitment program.

Arrest: Youth are not arrested; a law enforcement officer takes a youth into custody based on probable cause and charges the youth with a law violation.

Chattel – property

Cost of Care: Parents or guardians may be billed a nominal charge for the services delivered to their child by the Department.

Commitment: A youth is placed in a program for delinquent youth defined by Florida Statute. These programs range from low to maximum restrictiveness levels.

Contempt: The court determines that a youth disobeyed or did not follow the court’s order. The youth can be placed in secure detention from five to fifteen days for each offense.

Delinquent Act: Any illegal act committed by a youth under the age of 18 who has not been sentenced as an adult for a felony.

Delinquent Youth: A person who has violated the law before reaching 18 years of age. The juvenile court handles cases until the youth’s 19th birthday, or until the court order is fulfilled.

Detention Care: The temporary care of a youth pending further action of the court. This may include secure, non-secure, or home detention.

Detention Center: A facility where youth are securely held pending court hearings, for contempt of court, or while awaiting placement in a commitment program.

Disposition Hearing: The court determines the sanctions, conditions, and services imposed on a youth who has committed a delinquent act.

Diversion: A program designed to keep a youth from entering the juvenile justice system through the legal process.

Houses of Refuge – first juvenile justice facilities designed to take in children who were neglected, abused or delinquent. Found in NY, PA and Massachusetts.

Intake: The screening and assessment of a youth who is alleged to have violated the law or a court order.

Intervention: Programs or services that are intended to prevent a youth from going further into the juvenile justice system.

Petition – document that states the allegations against a juvenile and requests a juvenile court to adjudicate the juvenile.

Positive Achievement Change Tool (PACT): An assessment tool used to determine a youth’s needs, strengths, and risk to re-offend.

Pre-Disposition Report (PDR): A report to the court on the youth’s offense, family history, community involvement, and recommendations for disposition.

Prevention: Prevention efforts at the Department of Juvenile Justice include implementing programs, strategies, initiatives, and networks designed to prevent children from making contact with the juvenile justice system. Additionally, the Office of Prevention offers diversion and intervention services in an effort to keep children from penetrating deeper into the system.

Probation: The status of a delinquent youth placed on community supervision. Youth are supervised by a Juvenile Probation Officer based on the order of the court.

Referral: When a youth is directed to the Department based on an allegation of a criminal law violation.

Status Offenses: Things a youth may do that are not illegal for an adult, such as truancy, running away, or underage drinking.

Taken Into Custody: Action on the part of law enforcement and the physical control of a youth who is detained by a law enforcement officer due to a violation of law or a court order.

Walker Plan: An agreement between the State Attorney, youth, and parent where a case is dismissed after successful completion of the sanctions.

Waiver to Adult Court – process where a juvenile court relinquishes jurisdiction over the juvenile offender and the case is processed in the adult court.

Common Law doctrine – The legal system American colonists brought from England. Case law is law developed by judges through decisions by courts. A “common law system” is a legal system that gives great precedential weight to common law on the principle that it is unfair to treat similar facts differently on different occasions. The body of “Precedent” is common law and is binds future decisions of lower courts.

Parens Patriae – meaning State of parent – The state can act in the role of parent for the juvenile when parents are deemed incapable or unwilling to control their children.

Mens Rea – “guilty mind.” Issue – Did one form the required criminal intent or guilty mind?

Actus Reas – “Guilty act.” The wrongful deed that comprises the physical components of crime.

To have Jurisdiction – The power or right or authority to interpret and apply the law. Court possesses the power or jurisdiction over matters only to the extent granted to it by the Constitution or legislation of the sovereignty.

Jurisdiction over the person = In personam or Personal Jurisdiction

Jurisdiction over the property = in rem.

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