Interactions Within and Between Communities ESSAY

Interactions Within and Between Communities

In this simulation, you will explore the niches of two species of barnacles: Chthamalus and Balanus. A fundamental niche is the entire set of conditions under which a species or population can survive and successfully reproduce. A realized niche is the actual set of conditions that they inhabit. Meaning that after interactions with other species have been taken into account, the realized niche is the unique habitat that only they utilize. Connell (1961) used this example to demonstrate how the fundamental niche of Chthamalus barnacles was restricted to a small realized niche because of the competition with the Balanus barnacles.
Prior to opening the simulation, read through the basic directions and background information here: http://virtualbiologylab.org/pdf/BarnacleCompetitionDirections.pdf.
After reading through the PDF, access the simulation here: http://virtualbiologylab.org/ModelsHTML5/BarnacleCompetition/BarnacleCompetitionModel.html
Go through the tutorial to learn about the various parameters and how to adjust them. (keep in mind C is “white” and B is “orange”; Thais is the predatory snail). Return to “Home” when completed.
Click “Run Experiments” to go to the simulation.Be sure to answer the associated questions as you work through the activity.
Run the experiment for 20 days by adjusting the controls. You can speed up the time using the blue buttons at the bottom.
Is there a species that settles and grows on a wider range of rock?
Which one can handle being exposed to air during low tide?
How is this difference reflected in their growth rates?
Include a picture of your data collection from the left half of the screen at the end of 20 days.
Reset the experiment, and click the right arrow to go to the experimental design page. Increase the sea level to “2” and observe what happens to the data after 11 days.
What is different about the data measures here compared to the scenario depicted in step 6?
Why do you think this happened?
Reset the experiment, and click the right arrow to go to the experimental design page. Increase the Thais density to “10” and observe what happens to the data after 11 days.
Which species did the Thais prey on more?
How did this affect the other species?
Create your own experimental design to run for 20 days. This will be the experiment that you will use to write your lab report for this module.
What did you change?
What do you predict will happen to each species, and why?
Did your results match your prediction?
Why or why not?
Title: The title should describe the experiment in ten words or fewer. The title must convey an accurate description of the overall topic and the variables being tested.

Introduction: The introduction should briefly describe the foundational concepts and background information used in the experiment. This information must come from outside sources and use proper citations in APA format with in-text citations. The introduction should provide a clear sense of the experiment’s importance and research that has been conducted by other scientists. In addition, the introduction should include a clear statement of the hypothesis for the experiment and the scientific rationale for this hypothesis. For example, this is a hypothesis from an experiment on the effect of pesticides: “The hypothesis was that increasing pesticide concentration would increase the number of insects that died in the 48-hour window. This is because the pesticide is a potent neurotoxin, and higher concentrations would cause increased damage to the central nervous system.” The introduction section should be one or two paragraphs and must include outside sources to support the ideas that are introduced.

Materials and Methods: The materials and methods section includes a list of tools and materials used. The methods should be written out in paragraph form. Make sure to include enough details so that someone could replicate the work based on this section. Include any changes from the outlined procedure and any mistakes that occurred in the process.

Results: The results section should present the raw data from the assignment in a table and in a graph created in Excel, Google Sheets, or a similar program. Include the data’s units, and label the graphs and tables appropriately. Include a clear written description of the controls. For help with Excel, see: https://blog.hubspot.com/marketing/how-to-build-excel-graph.

Discussion: The discussion section should explain and elaborate on the results. If unexpected results were obtained, then explain them and identify any possible confounding variables. Address the following questions:

What trends do the graphs show?
Are there any negligible factors that may affect the results if the experiment were performed in the real world?

Criteria	Does Not Meet Expectations (0-2 points)	Satisfies Expectations (3-4 points)	Exceeds Expectations (5 Points)
Introduction: A. Provides a clear understanding of the big picture of the experiment B. Provides content knowledge that is accurate and relevant The following criteria are met: – There is a clear sense of the importance of the experiment. – Background information is accurate. – Background information is specific, where appropriate, in order to provide context.	The importance of the lab is not addressed AND/OR vital pieces of background information are missing.	There is a sense of the importance of the experiment AND the importance of the lab is general; there is some irrelevant, missing, or incorrect background information.	All criteria are met; the assignment demonstrates an above-expected understanding, and the information presented is organized and well-articulated through appropriately supported sources.
Methodology: A. Appropriate tools, controls, and steps for replication are accurate, present, and explained.	All necessary information is included, but the descriptions are unclear and often inaccurate,  OR necessary information is missing.	All necessary information is included, AND it is mostly accurate and clear.	All necessary information is included and clearly explained.
Results: A. Data are comprehensive, accurate, and relevant. B. Data are summarized in a logical format. C. Data are properly labeled, including units.	Most of the data presented are irrelevant AND/OR missing information inhibits meaning AND/OR the presentation of data is in an inappropriate format or graph type.	Minor mistakes or omissions are present in the data. Presentation of the data is appropriate, but lacking essential elements (e.g., labels, proper scale, legend).	All criteria are met. Data are comprehensive, accurate, and summarized in a logical format with all essential features present.
Discussion and Conclusion: A. Analysis and conclusions are clearly and logically drawn from data provided. B. There is a logical chain of reasoning from hypothesis to data to conclusions, which is clearly and persuasively explained. C. Conflicting data, if present, are adequately addressed. D. The conclusion accounts for limitations of the data and/or experimental design.	The analysis of data is too incomplete to provide a reasonable basis for addressing the hypothesis.	The conclusion is based on the data, but there are multiple gaps AND/OR missing connections.	All criteria are met; the assignment demonstrates an above-expected understanding, and the information presented is organized and well-articulated through appropriately supported sources.

Interactions Within and Between Communities ESSAY

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