Electromagnetic Electrical Engineering Assignment

Electromagnetic Electrical Engineering Assignment

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1 a) How does a phase shift of +π/2 shift a sine function in the x-axis? (2)

1 b) An electric field wave through a material is given by E(x, t) = 10 e-0.5x sin(2.8π × 109t –

10πx) V/m. Find:

i. The frequency and wavelength of the field.

ii. The direction of wave propagation.

iii. The wave velocity.

iv. The amplitude of the wave at a distance of 10 m. (10)

2 a) Give the expression for the second order differential form of the telegrapher’s equations for

voltage and current on a transmission line with appropriate definitions for variables and

constants used. (2)

2 b) What are the conditions necessary for a transmission line to be assumed lossless? (2)

2 c) The wave impedance, Z(d), of a lossless transmission line is defined as the ratio of its phasor

voltage to its phasor current as functions of positive distance d away from the load, as shown

in the figure below.

Derive the expression for Z(d) in terms of the line’s reflection coefficient Γ and phase

constant β. Using this expression for the wave impedance, Z(d), derive the expression for the

input impedance, Zin, of the line in terms of Z0, l and β. (10)

3 a) What is the benefit of using the lumped-element circuit model of transmission lines instead

of the distributed-element circuit model for transmission line analysis and calculations? (2)

3 b) A 150 Ω transmission line of length 2.8 m is connected to a load of (30 – j 45) Ω. Use the

lumped element matching model to find two possible lengths of transmission line with

appropriate lumped capacitor and inductor elements to match this system. The frequency of

transmission is 150 MHz and the εr of the transmission line is 4. Give the lengths of the

matching network transmission lines in m. (10)

4 a) How does a lossless line differ from a lossy line in terms of characteristic impedance? (2)

4 b) What is the coordinate of the characteristic impedance of a transmission line, Z0, on a Smith

chart and where does this point lie? (2)

4 c) Repeat problem 3 b) using a Smith Chart. Also, calculate the input impedance of the system

when the matching network is not added to the system. (10)

5 a) What is the difference between a distortionless line and a lossless line? What is the

similarity between a distortionless line and a lossless line? (2)

5 b) Find the input impedance, Zin, for the following two-transmission line configuration using a

Smith Chart. (10)

6 a) How does a Time Domain Reflectometer calculate the position of a fault on a transmission

line? (2)

6 b) Given the transmission line circuit below, draw the bounce diagram for the voltage response

at l = l/2 by a 5 V pulse of duration τ = 1 ns. The one way propagation time, T, is given as 2

ns. (10)

7 a) A transmission line circuit has an operating wavelength of λ and a characteristic impedance

of Z0. For the input impedance looking at the load from the generator side, what is the effect

of adding a transmission line of length λ/2 and characteristic impedance Z0 at the load end of

the circuit? (2)

7 b) Given that an electric field, E, is proportional to the spherical radius such that E = R Ȓ, find

the expression for the flux of this field through a sphere of radius r centered at the origin.

Verify both sides of the Divergence Theorem for this E field. (10)

8 a) Give the expressions for Maxwell’s equation for electromagnetism in the case of static

fields? (2)

8 b) Four charges of 5 μC each are placed on the xy-plane with each charge on the x and y axes at

distances of 4 m from the origin. Calculate the electric field generated by this charge

distribution at a point on the z-axis 4 m above the origin. (10)

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