Concepts Of Infectious Disease Transmission
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Fleming, S. T. (2008). Managerial epidemiology: Concepts and cases (3rd ed.). Chicago, IL: Health Administration Press. ISBN 13: 978-1-56793-684-1
Read Chapters 1 and 2
https://bookshelf.vitalsource.com/reader/books/9781567936858/pageid/555
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For Case Study 1, you will read the case that begins on page 534 “Capstone Case A: Hepatitis A Outbreak in the Midwest”. This case study is based on an actual outbreak in Ohio in 1998. This case reviews the basic concepts of infectious disease and disease transmission. Answer the following questions only from the case study:
· Question 1
· Question 2
· Question 3
· Question 6
· Question 8
Your submitted assignment should adhere to APA guidelines, to include having a cover page and a reference page. Please use section headers to separate your answer to each question. You can use sections headers such as Question 1, Question 2, Question 3, etc.
Case A: Hepatitis A Outbreak in the Midwest By Catherine Dentinger and Steven T. Fleming Background On December 1, 1998, the CDC was notified of 48 cases of hepatitis A in County R (1990 population 126,137) and County L (1990 population 462,361), Midwest State. By comparison, during the first 30 weeks of 1998, an average of seven cases per week (range 3–15) was reported in the entire Midwest State (1990 population 10,847,115). In County R, 28 ill persons with IgM antibody to hepatitis A virus (anti-HAV) were reported to the county health department with onset of symptoms between November 14 and November 27, 1998; 18 (64 percent) of these patients reported eating at one local restaurant (Restaurant A) during their incubation period. However, no ill food handlers at Restau-rant A had been reported. In County L, 19 IgM anti-HAV-positive ill per-sons were reported, with dates of symptom onset between November 6 and November 18. The 17 patients interviewed lived in the western part of one city, and 12 (71 percent) reported eating at a local restau-rant (Restaurant Y) during their incubation period. No ill food handlers at Restaurant Y had been reported. Counties R and L are separated by a distance of approximately 100 miles; no links between Restaurant A and Restaurant Y had been identified.
Questions
1. Would you call this an epidemic or an outbreak? 2. What are the steps in an outbreak investigation?
3. Hepatitis A is a viral pathogen. What are the broad categories of diseases that one must consider when investigating a gastrointestinal disease outbreak?
4. What characteristics can be used to describe infectious agents (infectivity, pathogenicity, virulence)?
5. What measures of morbidity would you use to estimate infectivity, pathogenicity, and virulence?
6. What are the different modes of transmission? Describe the possible routes of transmission.
7. How would you characterize hepatitis A?
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