Assignment: Quantitative Research Critique
Assignment: Quantitative Research Critique
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This paper will focus on the study by Ribeiro et al., (2014). This quantitative research is a cohort study. Amply, a Cohort study refers to the kind of a study that groups participants based on the degree of the exposure to the risk factors in a given period. It also involves conducting of a cross-section periodically through time. Consequently, in the present study by Ribeiro et al., (2014), the nurses, who are the participants are categorized based on the extent of exposure to burnout syndrome attributed to the interface between unending emotional pressure connected to interpersonal involvement for a long duration. Subsequently, the group captured under the study is compared to the group that is not exposed to the risk factor, which is burnout syndrome in the case at hand.
The category of the present study in the hierarchy of evidence can be determined by the levels of evidence pyramid. This pyramid facilitates a manner of visualizing both the evidence and the number of available evidence. Consequently, the cohort study at hand falls under the fifth level of the hierarchy of evidence pyramid, which is found under the unfiltered information. Usually, unfiltered literature avails evidence about a topic under investigation. Therefore, in instances where one is unable to locate desired information in the filtered literature, it is imperative to search the unfiltered literature. Unfiltered information connotes original research studies that are yet to be synthesized, making it challenging to read, analyze, and utilize in the practice. They characterize study articles that are found in peer-reviewed journals and are mostly found by searching databases. Therefore, to ensure reliability and avoid biasness, it is the role of the researcher to review various primary sources to ensure they are valid and reliable.
This study was informed by the alarming rate of nurses who suffer from Burnout syndrome. According to the study, burnout is defined as work stress that has accumulated over a long period due to unrelenting emotional pressure emanating from intense interpersonal involvement over a long duration and individual characteristics. The study attributes this situation to constant stress from work overcharge that nurses are exposed to and it manifested by various symptoms such as emotional exhaustion and having unconstructive feelings and attitudes towards colleagues and to one’s professional realization. Although Burnout syndrome is a challenge in virtually all professionals drawn from all professions, the situation is mostly worse among the health care givers, especially nurses. This is because nurses constantly face stressful work situations including handling different patients with different levels of suffering and expectations. For instance, this study indicates that by the year 2011, nearly 30% of nurses in Europe reported fatigue or exhaustion from work related activities. Similarly, the reported number in England was 42%, with Greece also reporting approximately 44% of nurses suffering from Burnout syndrome and expressing their intentions for quitting their job. To the contrary, some nations such as Germany reported drastic lower levels of exhaustion and fatigue from work-related activities at a record of 4.2%.
Therefore, this study is crucial in this context because it strives to explore the incidence and the propensity of Burnout syndrome among clinical nurses by comparing nurses with and without Burnout syndrome, or Burnout propensity. Specifically, the study explored various factors associated with Burnout syndrome such as work load, physical activities, leisure activities, socio-demographic features, family life, work-related health issues, additional work activities, and social life. The study found that the incidence of Burnout syndrome was relatively high at about 10.1% with nearly 4% of the subjects having a propensity of developing Burnout syndrome. Worse yet, the examination of socio-demographic background of the nurse participants indicated dire situations that many of the nurses were subjected. For instance, many were married but childless, above 35 years, with heavy workload including working for an average of 36 hours per week, and also lack extra employment. As such, these factors prompted the initiation of the Burnout syndrome. This study is, therefore, important because it has reaffirmed the high prevalence and propensity of Burnout syndrome. Besides, the implementations of the recommendations are vital in ensuring that preventive measures are taken to address the incidences of Burnout syndrome in clinical nurses.
Identification of Study Steps
The steps of the study were clearly identified and logically stated. The study was organized into different steps including the abstract that detailed the overview of the whole study. The subsequent sections included the background of the study, methodology, results, discussion, and conclusion. The study also captured a vital area of declaration of interests such as competing interests, authors’ contribution, and acknowledgements. Besides, there is a reference list detailing the sources of information used in the study.
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In this study, the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) was used to assess the major variables of Burnout syndrome including the emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and personal accomplishments. Essentially, MBI enables evaluation of the psychometric
Assignment Quantitative Research Critique
properties of the measure such as internal consistency, construct validity, and test-retest reliability. Besides, it also able to determine whether or not these properties change based on characteristics of the patients. MBI is effective due to its brevity, outstanding psychometric properties, and simplicity in management. Therefore, it is vital for use as a perfect screening tool to examine the nurses’ burnout at the clinical level. Consequently, the present study, the reliability of measurement of major variables was assessed using test-retest reliability and internal consistency which was done sporadically. On the other hand, the validity of the major variables was assessed through multi-trait scaling scrutiny alongside the confirmatory factor analysis. Ideally, MBI is the best tool to assess the validity and reliability because of its combination of relative, absolute, and prudent fit indices that are capable of reaching the threshold of the desired values. Moreover, the MBI was integrated with questionnaire touching on socio-demographic profile that entailed a series of open-ended, close-ended, and multiple choice questions relating to various spheres of life of nurses.
How the Data was Analyzed
The data were illustrated through percentages and frequencies. On one hand, the Pearson’s chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test were used to conduct the comparisons between genders and the work shifts in instances anticipated frequencies were less than five. On the other hand, the SPSS statistical software was used to carry out the analysis, using a set significance level of 5%.
Untoward Events in the Study
The study had conformed to the accepted standard of conducting a research and authors have expressly stated that there is no conflict of interest in the study.
How the Results Fit with Previous Findings
Ideally, the issue of burnout syndrome among nurses has been extensively researched with many studies providing slightly different but related recommendations on addressing the alarming issue. For instance, according to Van Bogaert et al., (2017), there is enormous level of burnout, work-related stress, poor health, and job dissatisfaction among nurses. Therefore, they recommend a need to understand the psychosocial work environment of nurses comprehensively to facilitate a better response to intricate needs of patient. Similarly, Maslach & Leiter (2016) also acknowledges that the past few decades have been characterized by extensive research on the experience of burnout. Consequently, many nations across the globe have developed measures, theoretical models, and studies that have collectively contributed to a better understanding of the causes and repercussions this nursing challenge. Therefore, the current research is just a continuation of many researches on burnout that have previously done.
Implication to Clinical Practice
Virtually all the studies done on nursing burnout have established that nurse Burnout syndrome is associated with various adverse consequences such as absenteeism, high turnover rates, and stress related diseases which have dire impacts on patient satisfaction, quality of care, and the organizational costs. Besides, nursing burnout is also linked to high probability of infection in patients. Therefore, studies on burnout in nursing profession is important because they provide recommendations that ensures that the challenge is mi minimized and enable full scope of nursing practice.
Rapid Appraisal Questions
- Did the study succinctly address issue of focus?
- Was the exposure measured effectively to reduce bias?
- Was the outcome measured effectively to reduce bias?
- Can the results of the study be applied to the nursing population?
- What are the implications of this study for practice?
Write a fully developed and detailed APA essay addressing each of the following points/questions.
Word Count should be 1500 words.
be sure to completely answer all the questions for each question in detail.
Separate each section in your paper with a clear heading that allows your professor to know which bullet you are addressing in that section of your paper.
Support your ideas with at least one (1) source using citations in your essay. Make sure to cite using the APA writing style for the essay. The cover page and reference page are required.
Conduct a literature search to select a quantitative research study related to the problem identified in Module 1((Nurse Burnout & ratios)) and conduct an initial critical appraisal. ((below is the linkarticle I chose))
Respond to the overview questions for the critical appraisal of quantitative studies, including:
Is this quantitative research report a case study, case control study, cohort study, randomized control trial or systematic review?
Where does the study fall in the hierarchy of evidence in terms of reliability and risk of bias?
Why was the study done? (Define the problem and purpose.)
Were the steps of the study clearly identified?
What was the sample size?
Are the measurements of major variables reliable and valid? Explain.
How were the data analyzed?
Were there any untoward events during the conduct of the study?
How do the results fit with previous research in the area? (This may be reflected in the literature review.)
What does this research mean to clinical practice?
Additionally, be sure to include the rapid appraisal questions for the specific research design of the quantitative study that you have chosen.
These can be found in Chapter 5 of the textbook (Melnyk and Fineout-Overholt, 2015).
This critical appraisal should be written in complete sentences (not just a numbered list) using APA format.
Provide a reference for the article according to APA format and a copy of the article.
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