SOC 1001 Discussion Structural-Functionalism
SOC 1001 Discussion Structural-Functionalism
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During Week 5, we studied social stratification and how it
influences what goes on in many social interactions among people. After you
have read the reading assignment and lecture for this week, please respond to
all parts of the discussion by the due date assigned:
What are some of the
factors that affect social mobility? Can these be overcome?
Do you believe the structural-functionalist or the social
conflict approach best explains social stratification? Why?
How does the media reflect attitudes on gender as far as
depicting women and men in very traditional roles? Provide two detailed
examples that substantiate your points—these can be an advertisement,
television show, website, or magazine.
When you think of various groups (race, class, and gender)
in society, which ones have the most power and which ones have the least? Using
Intersection Theory, identify two groups that have unequal amounts of power and
resources, being specific and using the text and outside resources. For each
group, has the power dynamic changed over time? Do you think it will change in
the future? Why or why not?
Remember to also respond to the posts of at least two others
in our class by the end of the week.
Structural-functionalism’s core concepts are, in harness, structure and system. Under the auspices of Radcliffe-Brown (1881–1955) it emerged as a clear-cut alternative to hybrid Boasian functionalism and successor to Malinowski’s particular brand of economism and radical individualism. It derived not from German and British precursors but mainly from Durkheimian French sociology with supplementary insights from the Russian geographer and anarchist, Peter Kropotkin (1842–1921).
Structural-functionalism emphasized the formal ordering of parts and their functional interrelations as contributing to the maintenance needs of a structured social system. The function of any institution (or ‘recurrent social activity’) was the part it played in the maintenance of the larger structural whole. This assumption attributed to social systems an internal integration of parts similar to that found in organisms.
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SOC 1001 Discussion Structural-Functionalism
Whereas Malinowskian functionalism was seen to have outworn its usefulness by 1945, and American cultural functionalism remained factionally divided, Radcliffe-Brown’s successors, particularly Meyer Fortes (1906–83), Edward Evans-Pritchard (1902–73), and Max Gluckman (1911–75), expanded structural-functionalism to address situation, selection, and history while continuing to work implicitly with equilibrium models of processes internal to the sociocultural system. Marxisant anthropological analyses of contradictions in structure and function supplemented structural-functionalism with a compatible, historically oriented, approach to competition, conflict, and change.
Journalism
Daniel C. Hallin, in International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences (Second Edition), 2015
Differentiation
Structural functionalism holds that human societies tend to evolve toward increased differentiation, in which institutions become increasingly specialized in the functions they perform. Some scholars – most notably Alexander (1981) – have argued that the development of journalism should be seen in this light. This does make considerable sense in societies where commercialization and professionalization are relatively advanced. Journalism in these societies has increasingly become separated from party politics, and has developed norms and routines of its own, a ‘media logic’ distinct from the logic of politics. In other ways, however, the notion that journalism tends to evolve toward differentiation seems doubtful. Most importantly, such a view neglects the tendency for journalism to become integrated into market mechanisms. Professionalization, to be sure, limits this to some degree, but the ‘media logic’ that has emerged in contemporary societies is very much a joint product of professional norms and the pressures of the market, which many argue are growing increasingly strong. Other scholars thus give a very different account of the history of journalism than the structural functionalists. Habermas, for example, decries the ‘colonization’ of the public sphere by the cultural industries, and Bourdieu argues that the journalistic field once heavily influenced by the political field is now heavily influenced by that of the market.
SOC 1001 Discussion Structural-Functionalism Essay
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